A nurse is preparing to administer 1 g of cefazolin in 150 mL of normal saline over 45 minutes to a preoperative patient. At what rate in mL/h should the nurse program the infusion pump?
200 mL/h
113 mL/h
150 mL/h
300 mL/h
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. 200 mL/h
Topic: IV Infusion Rate Calculation
The infusion volume is 150 mL to be given over 45 minutes (0.75 hour). Dividing 150 mL by 0.75 hour yields 200 mL per hour, which is the pump setting accurately.
Why the others are wrong
B – Result of dividing 150 mL by 1.33 hours, incorrect conversion.
C – Uses the total volume as hourly rate, ignoring the 45‑minute duration.
D – Doubles the correct rate, assuming 30‑minute infusion instead of 45 minutes.
Remember: Volume ÷ hours = mL per hour.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
2Question
A pediatric patient weighing 22 lb is prescribed amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day divided into two equal doses. The oral suspension is available as 250 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer per dose?
4.5 mL
5.0 mL
9.0 mL
2.3 mL
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. 4.5 mL
Topic: Weight-based pediatric dose
The child weighs 22 lb (≈10 kg). At 45 mg/kg/day the total daily dose is 450 mg, split into two doses of 225 mg. The suspension contains 50 mg/mL, so 225 mg ÷ 50 mg/mL = 4.5 mL.
Why the others are wrong
B – Rounded dose incorrectly; 5 mL gives 250 mg, not 225 mg.
C – Doubled the required dose; 9 mL equals 450 mg.
D – Used wrong conversion; 2.3 mL provides only ~115 mg.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
3Question
A client with deep vein thrombosis is receiving a heparin infusion. The bag contains 25,000 units in 250 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. The infusion pump is set to 14 mL/h. How many units per hour is the client receiving?
1,200 units/h
1,000 units/h
1,400 units/h
850 units/h
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. 1,400 units/h
Topic: Heparin infusion units per hour
The bag’s concentration is 25,000 units ÷ 250 mL = 100 units/mL. The pump delivers 14 mL each hour, so 14 mL × 100 units/mL = 1,400 units per hour, matching option C.
Why the others are wrong
A – Assumes 12 mL/h or 85 units/mL, not the given concentration.
B – Uses 10 mL/h or 100 units/mL, misreading rate.
D – Incorrect math; 14 mL/h × 100 units/mL ≠ 850.
Remember: 100 units per mL × 14 mL = 1,400 units.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
4Question
A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. Which electrocardiogram change should the nurse expect to observe?
Flattened T waves
Shortened PR interval
Tall, peaked T waves
Prominent U waves
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. Tall, peaked T waves
Topic: Hyperkalemia ECG changes
Severe hyperkalemia (K+ 6.8 mEq/L) depolarizes myocardial cells, producing characteristic tall, peaked T waves on the ECG, often the earliest sign before QRS widening or arrhythmias develop.
Why the others are wrong
A – Flattened T waves indicate low potassium, not high.
B – Shortened PR interval is not associated with hyperkalemia.
D – Prominent U waves are a sign of hypokalemia.
Remember: Hyperkalemia shows tall, peaked T waves.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
5Question
A client with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is lethargic and has shallow respirations. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result should the nurse expect?
pH 7.32, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
pH 7.49, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L
pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 22 mEq/L
pH 7.31, PaCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. pH 7.31, PaCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
Topic: Arterial blood gas interpretation, respiratory acidosis
During an acute COPD flare the patient retains CO₂, producing a primary respiratory acidosis; compensation has not yet raised bicarbonate, so the ABG shows low pH, elevated PaCO₂, and near‑normal HCO₃⁻.
Why the others are wrong
A – Low pH with low PaCO₂ indicates metabolic acidosis, not COPD retention.
B – pH alkalosis with normal PaCO₂ and high HCO₃⁻ reflects metabolic alkalosis, unrelated.
C – Elevated pH and low PaCO₂ describe respiratory alkalosis, opposite of expected.
Remember: COPD flare = CO₂ retention → acidic, high CO₂, normal bicarb.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
6Question
A nurse is teaching a client with type 2 diabetes about a scheduled hemoglobin A1c test. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of this laboratory test?
It determines if my kidneys are filtering sugar properly.
It detects the amount of sugar in my urine over a week.
It measures my blood sugar levels right at this moment.
It shows my average blood sugar over the past three months.
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. It shows my average blood sugar over the past three months.
Topic: Hemoglobin A1c meaning
Hemoglobin A1c reflects the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, indicating average plasma glucose over the previous 8–12 weeks, thus providing a three‑month glycemic trend. It is used to assess diabetes control.
Why the others are wrong
A – Hemoglobin A1c does not evaluate kidney filtration.
B – Urine glucose testing does not reflect long‑term blood glucose.
C – A1c is not a point‑of‑care glucose measurement.
Remember: A1c shows three‑month average blood sugar.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
7Question
A client with diabetes is shaky, sweaty, and confused. Blood glucose is 52 mg/dL, and the client can swallow. What should the nurse do first?
Give 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate
Give regular insulin
Recheck the glucose in one hour
Serve a full meal
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. Give 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate
Topic: Hypoglycemia, rule of 15
A blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL indicates hypoglycemia. Because the client is conscious and able to swallow safely, the immediate priority is raising blood glucose using the Rule of 15 by administering 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates.
Why the others are wrong
B – Insulin lowers blood glucose further, which could cause fatal neuroglycopenia.
C – Rechecking in one hour delays critical care; recheck blood glucose after 15 minutes.
D – Full meals contain fats and proteins that delay the absorption of necessary simple sugars.
Remember: Rule of 15: Give 15 grams of fast carbs, recheck in 15.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
8Question
A client is admitted with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Which precautions should the nurse use?
Droplet precautions and a surgical mask
Airborne precautions and an N95 respirator
Contact precautions and a gown
Standard precautions only
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Airborne precautions and an N95 respirator
Topic: Tuberculosis isolation
Active pulmonary TB is transmitted via aerosolized droplet nuclei that remain suspended; therefore airborne precautions are required, and the nurse must wear a fit‑tested N95 respirator to filter particles ≤0.3 µm.
Why the others are wrong
A – TB spreads via airborne droplet nuclei; surgical mask and droplet precautions do not provide adequate protection.
C – TB spreads via inhaled aerosols, not direct contact; gowns and contact precautions are ineffective.
D – Standard precautions alone do not block airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis; airborne isolation is mandatory.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
9Question
Which client should the nurse assess first?
Day 2 after appendectomy, pain 4 out of 10
COPD, oxygen saturation 90%
After hip surgery, new restlessness, saturation 86%
Diabetes, asking for a breakfast tray
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. After hip surgery, new restlessness, saturation 86%
Topic: Post-operative pulmonary embolism
The client shows new restlessness and an oxygen saturation of 86%, indicating acute hypoxemia and possible pulmonary embolism, which requires immediate assessment before other less critical concerns.
Why the others are wrong
A – Pain score 4/10 is moderate; not life‑threatening.
B – Saturation 90% is low but stable without distress.
D – Breakfast request is non‑urgent; vital signs are stable.
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